martes, 17 de junio de 2014

Conditional Sentences and Persuasion

Week 10th – 12th June

Hello again!

Nearly finishing the course! This is the countdown for the summer holidays.

It was nice to see Eduardo again. But better yet, was to know that he has done it well in his exams.
Last week we only had a class. Remember we are making up for (recuperating)it next Friday 20th at 10.00a.m.

But, what did we do in our class last week?

We went through verbs followed by infinitive with to, bare infinitive, that is, without to and verbs followed by –ing

In other words, verb patterns.

·         I was so happy to receive your present. (After adjs, to +infinitive)
·         She was busy looking after her little sister. (Exception;after “busy”, ing)
·         He went to the sop to buy some bread. (To express purpose, why?)
·         Doing sport is healthy. (When the verb is the subject, ing)
·         The kid wasn’t tall enough to reach the door knob.(After too and enough)
·         Don’t leave the office without locking the door. (After prepositions)
·         They didn’t know where to run.(After question words, except “why”)
·         We went swimming last weekend. (After “go” for physical activities)
·         My niece would like to become a teacher when she grows up.(After would like, would love etc.)

 After certain verbs we use to + infinitive and after other verbs we use “–ing”. And this is the most difficult part to remember because there are no rules for it. Read a lot. Do exercises and above all, learn the verbs in context with sample sentences.



·         What did they plan to do?
·         My friends agree to stay in the hotel closer to the beach.
·         She promised not to tell anybody.
·         I refuse to go by bus. It takes longer than the train!
·         I hope to finish my degree next year.
·         They seem to have forgotten what happened before.
·         I decided to take the job.
·         Avoid drinking tap water if you travel to India.
·         There’s no point warning him, he’ll go anyway.
·         He denied taking the money.
·         He confessed to killing the man.
·         They objected to having the shop open until 9pm.
·         We are looking forward to hearing from you.



More exercises on Verb Patterns

Then, we continued with conditional sentences.

At this level, of course you have perfectly clear the three types of conditional sentences and even, the ‘Zero conditional’; the problem being the mixed conditional sentences. My advice? Even though I usually recommend not to translate into Spanish, this could be the solution and in this particular case it makes a lot of difference between understanding the use of mixed conditionals or not.

We usually mix 2nd type and 3rd type conditionals. We do it so as to refer to the present and the past in the same sentence. Bear in mind that these sentences must make sense, they must have a ‘sound meaning’.(being coherent)

Mixed:           They wouldn’t get a table if they hadn’t booked in advance.
(type 2)                                (type 3)

Present situation: they have a table. Past situation: they booked-in advance-

Second:        They wouldn’t get a table if they didn’t book in advance.
                                                         Type 2
Hypothetical situation in the present /future. They have to book if they want a table.

Third:            They wouldn’t have got a table if they hadn’t booked in advance.
                                                                     Type 3
Hypothetical situation in the past.  They booked, they got the table.

And we finished the class reading about “persuasion”.

It’s amazing how a single word can make a lot of difference when it comes to persuasion, isn’t it? Take the example of a stranger approaching some people waiting to use a photocopier. He asked, “May I use the machine? I’ve only got five copies’. People let him go first. The percentage of people who agreed to him being first increased when the statement was ‘May I use the photocopier because I’m in a rush?’ This proves that when a request is followed by ‘because’, no matter how petty (unimportant) the reason is, persuasion works!
 Beggars or charities asking for some money also know persuasion techniques. It’s been proved that if they say something along these lines ‘Could you collaborate with us? Even a little money can help’ instead of just saying ‘Could you collaborate with us?’ the outcome (result) will be quite different!


And so the class finished! See you this evening.

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